Wow, that's a lot of good criticism and I appreciate it. I'll let Isaiah answer to the gameplay issues, and concentrate on the graphical questions.
My first crit is that the Sinus seem unnecessary. You've got Mare already.
IMO it would be odd to group them along with the seas, when they are called bays.
I say you should run with just one style of connection, either the dotted lines or the arrows. Using two is unnecessary and confusing.
The arrows are used because the dotted lines would not be visible enough in the connections between the seas. And using the arrows in all connections would clutter the map and look really ugly.
The outline of the moon is pixelated.
This will be fixed, I was going to do it last update but forgot.
Throw some stars into that black background.
I will as soon as I find a good public domain starfield image.
Can you make the craters look like craters rather than purple circles? I didn't realize they were craters looking at the map until I resigned myself to looking at the lengthy legend. I think it should be obvious what a territory is when you look at it. The mares look great though, very distinctive but the blue line ruins it for me....
I will try to improve the craters. Which blue lines do you mean? The territory borders? I'm not sure what to do with them. There needs to be some way to indicate the borders of the seas. I'll try to redraw them as well, but they also need to be easily visible.
Have you guys considered running with a different color scheme? Or at least desaturating them some so that theyre not so bright and neon?
I think the map needs some colour. The background, the moon, is already so grey and dull, that adding some bright colours brings some contrast and makes the map look less boring.
There's lots of balancing of visual style vs. clarity of gameplay in this map. I'll try my best though.