Scenario 1:
On September 11, 2001 Al Qaeda killed several thousand non-combatants on U.S. territory. U.S. authorities requested the de facto Afghanistan government extradite Osama bin Laden for trial. After Afghanistan refused, the United States invaded that country to place him under arrest.
Scenario 2:
On August 20, 2022 a Ukrainian spy murdered a non-combatant on Russian territory and then fled to Estonia. Russian authorities have requested the Estonian government extradite the alleged murderess for trial.
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The identity of the Russian who murdered the daughter of Aleksander Dugin in a Moscow car bombing has been made. The suspect is Major Natalia Vovk of the Ukrainian SZR foreign intelligence service. After the killing, she fled across the Russian border to Estonia, where it's believed she is now. According to Russian media, the dog brought her 12 year old daughter along to help with the assassination. Russian authorities have demanded her immediate detention and extradition.