- Dusten Brown is a citizen of the Cherokee Nation who separated from his spouse before she gave birth to a girl. He refused to pay the mother child support and then sent her a text message saying he relinquished his custody rights. The mother then put the girl up for adoption, and the girl was adopted by a South Carolina couple. The Indian Child Welfare Act prohibits Native American children from being adopted to non-Native parents unless the Native parents have been informed and consented. The mother wasn't sure if the father was a Cherokee citizen so contacted the Cherokee government to check, but her attorney misspelled his first name and the Cherokee erroneously responded by saying he was not.
Learning of the adoption, the father sued under the Indian Child Welfare Act to have the daughter removed from the adopted couple and repatriated to Cherokee territory. The father is 2.4% Native-American (97.6% Caucasian) and his daughter is 1.2% Native-American (98.8% Caucasian).
The South Carolina Supreme Court ordered the daughter removed from the adopted parents and turned over to the father to be raised according to Cherokee tradition as required by the ICWA. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled the ICWA doesn't apply because the father never had custody of the child in the first place and ordered the South Carolina Supreme Court to re-examine the case.
http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12 ... 9_8mj8.pdf
Majority (keep child with adoptive parents): Alito, Thomas, Roberts, Kennedy, Breyer
Dissent (give child to father): Scalia, Sotomayer, Ginsberg, Kagan